Capital Chain Overwhelms "Shoes Capital", Hundreds Of Enterprises In Jinjiang
人民币升值、原材料涨价、宏观调控造成银根紧缩、用工成本上涨、招工难……“前店后厂”的晋江鞋企已经对自己眼下的困难如数家珍。与前十年埋头做订单的情况不同,利润的一再削薄让他们的生存环境日益险恶。在相当一部分企业因资金问题而变相破产之时,一批规模企业正谋求通过上市来筹集急需的资金。
Half of the business went into confusion.
在纵横交错的3~5层楼的制鞋工厂里,工人们在生产线上忙碌着,楼下并不宽敞的马路上,本地牌照的宝马奔驰、外地的集装箱货车川流不息。这是中国鞋都——晋江陈埭镇每天都要重复的场景。“几乎每周都有工厂倒闭,不是接不到订单,是不敢再接订单了。”日前,在晋江陈埭镇,记者了解到,在春节前后,有30年制鞋历史的晋江鞋企发生了第一轮倒闭潮,先后有上百家工厂关门停产,据行业人士分析,这种情况仍将继续,中小企业将被逐步淘汰。值得一提的是,这里是361°、德尔惠、金莱克等央视上榜企业的“故乡”,这个仅有38.8平方公里的面积上,曾容纳了3000多家鞋企和配套企业,从业人员超过30万人,当地人曾把生产鞋继而出口到国外作为致富的一大渠道,而眼下,他们不得不考虑新的出路。
“包装费上涨了30%至50%,鞋底涨了30%,技术工人工资提高了30%。”一边是人民币升值和不断上扬的原材料成本、工人工资,另一方面是银行的银根紧缩和民间借贷利息的提高,企业的资金链出现空前的窘况。
“三角债也能害死人,欠的钱太多,外面的账也要不回来,许多企业就这么倒了。”有着两幢五层楼高厂房的施先生从上世纪九十年代开始从事鞋业生意,据他介绍,大多以家庭式作坊开始的陈埭企业之间一直有着三角债的关系,企业之间彼此拖欠货款。“高利贷是普遍的融资方式,一般都是几百万起互相拆借,在高额利息的压迫下,许多企业往往以资产抵债。”据了解,现在在陈埭镇的鞋企只及巅峰时期的一半左右,部分品牌企业开始外迁,更大部分是资金出现问题的企业变相破产。
不过在采访中,记者注意到”爱拼“的陈埭人并不愿意轻言放弃从小就很熟悉的鞋业,虽然只有不到10%的企业真正有盈利,但他们表示如果有可能,还会继续经营。“要照顾工人的生存问题以及其他的一切开销,不干是不可能的。”
有资料显示,90%的晋江鞋企融资出现困难、80%依赖出口的企业进退维谷。根据晋江市官方统计资料,2008年一季度,全市712家制鞋企业纳税人中,有309家国税入库同比下滑或零入库,同比减收3277万元,下降了40%。
Building a "Jinjiang plate" by shuffling the cards
针对上述危机,2006年底,福建省成立了第一个地方级上市办——晋江上市办开始开展实质性工作,准备为广大鞋企解决资金的燃眉之急。2007年3月,深交所福建省首席代表兰邦华挂职晋江,担任市长助理,辅助当地企业上市,他也是深交所第一个派到县级市挂职的专业人才。
In the turmoil of small and medium-sized enterprises in bankruptcy and pformation, large-scale enterprises in Jinjiang are brewing a big campaign - listing financing. Anta (02020, HK) was successfully listed in Hongkong in 2007.
,今年6月第二家晋江体育用品公司特步国际(01368,HK)在港交所挂牌交易。而同为晋江鞋类运动品牌的匹克、乔丹运动、361°等也进入上市倒计时。这个年产10亿双运动鞋,市场份额占全国40%、全球20%的中国最大鞋业基地,高调宣布将在2010年前打造出“晋江板块”。
“截至目前,晋江拟上市企业有65家,后备上市企业有49家。”兰邦华在接受《每日经济新闻》采访时表示,为了鼓励更多晋江企业上市,打造证券市场的晋江板块,除了之前兑现的1560万元财政奖励外,今年晋江市政府拟再拿出2000多万元用于鼓励上市公司与上市后备企业。
It is understood that 10 listed companies in Jinjiang have successfully raised 8 billion yuan.
In addition to financing, Lan Banghua thinks listing is the main way to help Jinjiang enterprises pform from family management to modern management. He pointed out that many "husband and wife shops" and family businesses were early. Long benefit from the family management mode, but when the enterprise develops to a certain stage, when the family talent is not competent for the development speed of the enterprise, it is necessary to establish a modern enterprise system with the help of professional managers.
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